雨天厂房漏水甭怕！三维钢构送你解忧良方！

屋面螺钉和紧固件处漏水

Water leakage at roof screws and fasteners

这种现象较为普遍，主要出现于双层彩钢板及单层彩钢板屋面。在施工过程中，自攻螺丝力量过重、过轻，自攻螺丝打偏、打斜等，都可能使自攻螺丝橡胶垫片变形、脱落或者形成凹面，造成屋面点滴漏水，并通过保温棉聚积，积少成多，形成多点漏水。另外，自攻螺丝位置不正，错过彩钢板下的檩条而直接形成孔洞也是引起漏水的重要原因之一。这种漏水现象在单层彩钢板不设保温系统的屋面结构中可能不太明显，主要是因为雨水通过钢板与檩条接触的部位渗漏后直接分散，不一定迅速滴落。

Leakage at roof screws and fasteners is common on single and double-layer color steel roofs. Improper installation of self-tapping screws—such as incorrect force, misalignment, or tilting—can damage rubber gaskets and cause leaks that accumulate in insulation. Drilling screws missing purlins also creates holes. Leaks are less obvious on uninsulated single-layer roofs, as water simply disperses without immediate dripping.

彩钢板搭接处漏水

Water leakage at the overlap joint of color steel plates

水平搭接缝和竖向搭接缝，彩钢板搭接处漏水，若遇见彩钢板瓦波过低或者雨水量大没过瓦波时，容易形成大面积漏水，且不易发觉漏水点，一旦形成不易检修。多见于弧形屋面。其原因主要是两张板之间搭接不紧、自攻螺丝没有打满形成了空隙等等。

Horizontal and vertical lap joints, as well as color steel plate lap joints, can cause water leakage. If the color steel plate tile waves are too low or the amount of rainwater exceeds the tile waves, it is easy to form large-scale water leakage, and the leakage points are not easily detected. Once formed, it is difficult to repair. Commonly seen on curved roofs. The main reason is that the overlap between the two boards is not tight, and the self tapping screws are not fully tightened, forming gaps, and so on.

屋脊部分漏水 The ridge is leaking

在轻型钢结构屋面施工中，由屋脊瓦引起的漏水也是一种较为常见的现象。在雨季，尤其是雨水量大时，雨水的飞溅通过脊瓦下部两张彩钢板对接处缝隙，形成大面积渗漏。该部位漏水的主要原因是：屋脊处波峰太高，屋脊盖板无法保证防水；纵向搭接不放胶泥或硅胶，形成缝隙而漏水；屋脊盖板纵向搭接用铆钉连接，热胀冷缩强度不够而拉断铆钉，形成漏水；屋脊盖板与屋面板之间不敷设堵头，或堵头放置不规范而脱落形成漏水。解决办法是：屋脊盖板做宽些，另外坡度找大点；搭接处敷设胶泥或硅胶；更换缝合钉；堵头应与板型匹配，堵头敷设时应上下放胶泥或硅胶。对防止脊瓦漏雨，在施工中宜采用加大脊瓦翻边长度，逢瓦波部位剪口，接缝处打胶。

Leakage at roof ridges is common in lightweight steel structure roofs, especially during heavy rain when water seeps through gaps at the ridge joints. This is mainly caused by overly high ridge crests, lack of sealant at overlaps, failed rivets from thermal expansion, and missing or improperly fitted plugs. The solution is to use wider, steeper ridge covers, apply sealant at all joints, replace fasteners, install properly matched plugs with top-and-bottom sealant, extend flashing, notch panel waves, and fully seal connections.

屋面气楼部位 Roof ventilator section

该部位漏水的主要原因是：气楼与屋面交接处收边下未放置泡沫堵头，且收边纵向搭接未敷设胶泥或硅胶；屋面外板在气楼交接处未上板；气楼结构支柱开孔部位未做防水处理；气楼自身制作、安装存在漏水隐患。解决办法是：收边安装前应敷设泡沫堵头，纵向搭接须设置胶泥或堵头用缝合钉固定；气楼安装前必须将屋面板上好；要求气楼施工方在气楼结构完成后对开孔部位进行防水处理，对气楼安装质量和防水性能进行查验。

Common causes of leakage at roof ventilators include missing foam plugs and sealant at edge closures, incomplete roof paneling, unwaterproofed structural openings, and poor fabrication or installation. To solve this, install foam plugs and sealant at laps before fixing edge closures, ensure roof panels are fully in place, waterproof all openings, and inspect the ventilator for quality and watertightness.

采光板部位 Daylighting panel area

采光板部位防水是维护系统防水的重要部位，采光板安装中的胶泥铺设、防水螺钉是屋面漏水的主要隐患；采光板板型与屋面板板型不吻合，采光板两侧波峰高于屋面板，安装后，密封过严或采光板内外气压差，毛细水从采光板两侧缝隙进入屋面内部漏水；采光板纵向搭接长度不够，且胶泥老化失去粘性；纵向胶泥脱落；采光板和彩钢板之间为刚性搭接，中间的缝隙未密封。屋面采光板防止漏水应注意以下几方面：一是防水螺钉施打在波峰上部；二是采光板处的收边板应与采光板密封牢固，纵向两侧胶泥要加宽，并铺设波峰上部，防止水毛细而渗水；三是控制两侧波峰中心间距，与采光板波峰中心距吻合，不能因安装问题或者尺寸宽度不一而去掉采光板的波峰高度或宽度，造成质量隐患；四是纵向搭接一般不小于300㎜，并且搭接处用硅胶密封牢固，采光板搭接的地方应敷设柔性胶带密封。

Daylighting panel waterproofing is critical for roof systems, with common leaks caused by improper sealant and fastener installation, mismatched panel profiles, capillary action from pressure differences, insufficient longitudinal overlap, aged or missing sealant, and rigid, unsealed joints between daylighting panels and color steel. To prevent leakage, install waterproof screws at wave crests, widen sealant along edges and crests, ensure panel wave spacing matches exactly, maintain at least 300mm of longitudinal overlap sealed with silicone and flexible tape, and avoid modifying panel dimensions.

屋面开孔部位 Roof opening area

彩钢板屋面开洞口时，既要考虑外观又要解决屋面防水的问题，应当根据开洞形式及彩钢屋面板型号来决定。造成该部位漏水的主要原因是：风机洞口未按设计节点进行防水处理，钢堵头放置未敷设防水胶泥和硅胶；风机洞口四周预留范围较小，雨水流淌不畅，容易积水；洞口四周包边搭接未进行防水处理；洞口内部四周未加结构件，形成低凹积水；防水施工存在阻水现象，形成积水。解决办法是：须按设计图纸施工并严格施工工序，敷设胶泥、硅胶；风机四周预留范围必须满足排水要求；墙面、屋面开孔后必须随即进行防水处理；后增围护开孔尽量要增设檩条或角钢结构，减小围护变形；防水安装必须严密、平整，使水流顺畅。

When cutting openings in color steel roofs, both appearance and waterproofing must be considered based on the opening shape and panel type. Leaks often result from improper waterproofing at fan openings, insufficient space around holes causing water pooling, lack of sealing at edge overlaps, missing structural supports leading to sagging, and poor waterproof installation causing blockages. Solutions include following design procedures with sealant, ensuring adequate drainage space around openings, applying waterproofing immediately after cutting, adding purlins or angle steel to reduce deformation, and installing tight, even waterproofing for smooth water flow.

檐口部位 Roof overhang

该部位是漏水的主要部位，漏水的主要原因是：屋面外板安装未加泡沫堵头，屋面外板未下扳；墙面外板长度不足，且檐口部位未加防水收边。解决办法是：屋面外板安装时应同时放置泡沫堵头，且将屋面外板下降30°，檐口处应按设计要求增设收边。

This part is the main part of water leakage. The main reasons for water leakage are: the roof outer plate is installed without foam plug, and the roof outer plate is not pulled down; The length of the outer wall panel is insufficient, and the eaves have not been waterproofed and trimmed. The solution is: foam plugs should be placed at the same time when installing the roof outer plate, and the roof outer plate should be lowered by 30 °, and the cornice should be added with edge trimming according to the design requirements.

天沟部位 gutter area

搭接缝与弥合缝是漏水的2个关键部位，与钢筋混凝土屋面相比，钢结构屋面的天沟深度小，且天沟与屋面无连续防水构造，天沟积水时，很难保证不漏水。该部位漏水的主要原因是：内天沟焊接接头存在缝隙，形成渗水；天沟和雨水管管径设计过小，与厂房坡长不匹配；天沟端部没有做封头板；屋面外板伸入天沟长度不足，水会倒流入厂房内部。解决办法是：适当加大天沟深度，让天沟雨水不超过搭接缝；内天沟接头焊接后做防水试验，若发现漏水，需进行二次焊接；天沟和雨水管设计管径大小应通过计算屋面排水量确定；安装天沟端部封头板；屋面板须按设计长度施工。

Lap and butt joints are the main areas where gutters leak. Steel-structured roof gutters are shallower than concrete ones and lack continuous waterproofing, making leakage likely when water pools. Common causes include poorly welded joints, undersized gutters and downpipes, missing end plates, and roof panels that do not extend far enough into the gutter. Solutions involve deepening gutters, waterproof-testing and re-welding joints, sizing gutters by drainage calculations, installing end caps, and ensuring roof panels reach the required length.

雨蓬部位 canopy zone

该部位漏水的主要原因是：雨蓬与附房之间接151部位处理不当；雨蓬与外墙之间未设置堵头或未按设计要求伸入外墙板内。解决办法是：雨蓬与附房之间接151必须采用收边搭接并进行防水处理；通常情况下，雨蓬上151泛水收边应进入外墙板内，为了安装施工方便，泛水收边也可直接靠上墙面外板，但必须要放置堵头，并用硅胶密封缝隙。

The main reason for the water leakage in this area is: improper handling of the 151 part between the canopy and the attached room; There is no plug set between the canopy and the exterior wall, or it does not extend into the exterior wall panel according to the design requirements. The solution is: the connection between the canopy and the attached room must be overlapped and waterproofed; Normally, the 151 flashing edge on the canopy should enter the exterior wall panel. For the convenience of installation and construction, the flashing edge can also be directly attached to the exterior wall panel, but a plug must be placed and the gap sealed with silicone.

厂房与附房接口部位

Interface part between the main factory building and the auxiliary building

该部位漏水的主要原因是施工不合理，接口收边安装不满足设计要求。解决办法是：附房高出厂房的防水处理通常采用2次以上防水，第一道防水收边与混凝土接口切槽20mm～40mm，镶入收边后敷设防水密封胶；厂房与附房接口收边安装时只能使一端固定，另一端必须形成自由状态，否则热胀冷缩会造成收边脱开漏水。

The main reason for the water leakage in this area is the unreasonable construction, and the installation of the interface edge does not meet the design requirements. The solution is: for the waterproofing treatment of the attached room higher than the factory building, it is usually done twice or more. The first waterproof edge is cut with a 20mm to 40mm groove at the concrete interface, and after embedding the edge, waterproof sealant is laid; When installing the edge closure at the interface between the factory building and the annex, only one end can be fixed, and the other end must be in a free state. Heat expansion and contraction can cause the edge closure to detach and leak water.

砖墙与轻钢屋面连接部位

Connection part between brick wall and light steel roof

该部位容易形成漏水隐患，屋面板与水泥墙面结合处漏水，主要原因为应力不同步而引起硅酮胶与粘接面开裂而漏水。解决方案：防止温度变形，采用两次收边连接处理；与砖墙体连接时，收边应有一定角度，并完全密封；收边时应预打密封胶。

This area is prone to water leakage hazards. The main reason for water leakage at the joint between the roof panel and the cement wall is due to unsynchronized stress, which causes cracking of the silicone adhesive and bonding surface. Solution: To prevent temperature deformation, use a two-stage edge closure connection treatment; When connecting with brick walls, the edge should have a certain angle and be completely sealed; Sealing glue should be pre applied when trimming.

铝合金窗户部位 

Aluminum alloy window part

铝合金窗与彩钢墙体及砖墙体连接部位为防水难题之一，该部位漏水的主要原因是：墙面檩条与铝合金间有缝隙；窗户下口与钢结构、砖墙体及窗户玻璃与型材之间密封不严；窗台与台面存在较大缝隙或有倒返水现象；窗户上151泛水收边件安装中未打硅胶。解决方案是：保证结构檩条的平整度，减少檩条与铝合金之间的缝隙；窗下口所有缝隙均应完全密封，敷设硅酮胶、铝合金与单槽，单槽与玻璃间均应完全密封处理；砖墙体外贴台面面砖应保证砂浆饱满度；窗台粉刷前督促土建单位将窗台找坡，便于排水；窗户上151泛水收边件预打密封胶，且不要在钢柱部位搭接。

Sealing around aluminum alloy windows where they meet color steel and brick walls is a common waterproofing challenge. Leaks typically occur due to gaps around purlins and window frames, poor sealing at the window sill, insufficient drainage slope, and lack of sealant on flashing trim. To resolve this, ensure purlin flatness, fully seal all gaps with silicone, provide proper mortar and tile backing, slope the sill for drainage, and apply sealant to flashing without overlapping on steel columns.